Hound Of The Baskervilles :: Hound Of The Baskervilles Essays

Hound Of The Baskervilles     Setting - About 1884-85, most of story takes place at Baskerville Hall in Devonshire. The origination and the conclusion of this classic mystery occur at Sherlock Holmes residence on Baker Street in London. Plot - We begin our story on Baker Street where Holmes and Watson talk to James Mortimer. He gives him the history of the Baskerville family starting with Hugo, the first victim of the hound, all the way up to the most recent slaying, of Sir Charles Baskerville. The contiguous of kin is notified and he is to carry on the family legacy and live his remaining years at Baskerville hall in Devonshire. Now of course this was the place whereupon Sir Charles Baskerville was slayed by this vicious hound. As the story begins to develop, Holmes sends Watson to Devonshire with Sir Henry to gather information on the recent murder. During his inquires he came across many figures, there was a Mr. & dismiss Stapleton who were naturalists and also lived on the moor. They portrayed themselves as fellow and sister, but as you will find out later, they were more intimate than that. At about this time, a convict escaped who was referred to as "The Notting Hill Criminal", his real name though was Selden Barrymore. One night while Watson and Sir Henry were in the Hall, they observed Mr. Barrymore (the Butler) send signals through the window using a candle. Through questioning he divulged that he was really doing a favour for his wife for the escaped criminal was his brother in-law. Baffled by this Sir Henry and Watson went to go and arrest this villain, they reached him in time, but Selden managed to evade the authorities once more. Through remenents of a letter written to Sir Charles Baskerville forward to his death, it was written by a Miss Laura Lyons from Coombe Tracey. She wrote this letter to finance her divorce and seeing how Sir Charles was a nice man she thought he would agr ee. The meeting was in Yew Alley in front of the gate at around 2am.

Free Oedipal Complex Essays: Hamlet’s Oedipus Complex :: GCSE English Literature Coursework

Hamlets Oedipus Complex   In Shakespeares play of Hamlet, we are under(a) the impression that Hamlet has an unconscious longing for his mother. The death of Ophelia assists in displaying Hamlets actions of being insane. Hamlet also subconsciously reveals the truth about his feelings, whether he realizes them or not. Hamlet communicates on two different levels throughout the play. Hamlets intimacy with Ophelia shows that he could spot other then his mother and father. By having Ophelia, rather than Polonius designate the love letter to Claudius, Ophelia is reminded of Hamlet offering his love to her. This presents another sight of Hamlet in a state of well being. By generating the illusion of a serious, committed relationship between Hamlet and Ophelia, the failure of this relationship a crucial factor of Hamlets madness. At Ophelias funeral Hamlet says, I loved you ever. only if it is no matter. Let Hercules himself do what he may, the cat will mew, and dog will have hi s day. The tragic death of Ophelia is clearly contributed to Hamlets mental lapses. In one of Hamlets rages he says, Here, thou incestuous, murdrous, damnèd Dane, drink off this portion. When Hamlet says that to the office, he mentions incest, which has nothing to do with the poof and the Queen. Hamlet might have subconsciously set off an indication of secret urges between him and his mother. When words seem like normal conversation, there fire be feelings expressed without being conscious of it. Like when Hamlet sets out rules for the Gertrudes sexuality in their long talk alone, which seems very unusual. O, throw out the worser part of it, and live the purer with the other half. Good night but go not to my uncles bed. Hamlet suggests that his mother should be in love with him instead of his uncle. Neither Hamlet nor Gertrude realize at this point what Hamlet really means. Also, when Hamlet talks to his mother later on, he suggests that her relationship with the King ma kes him jealous, Let the bloat king tempt you again to bed, pinch wanton on you cheek, call you his mouse, and let him, for a pair of reechy kisses, or paddling your neck with his unlucky fingers.   Desire is in the unconscious when we lived out the Oedipal dream, it was destined to be in a warped form, and theres surely an echo of that.

The Impact of Pirates and of Piracy on the Spanish Empire Essay

The Impact of Pirates and of Piracy on the Spanish EmpireWhen the word pirate is mentioned, many people imply of ship carrying men across the seas as they pillage other ships. While this is true to some extent in that respect was much more to the lives of the men that were cognise as pirates. Pirates were mostly men from French, English or Dutch heritage, and were privateers or merchants. Many of these men were sanctioned by their government. By the Spanish they were call piratas or unsanctioned sea-raiders, and would have a heavy influence of trade in the Caribbean and on the Spanish Empire.The first pirates were known as corsairs and appeared at the end of the fifteenth and into the beginning of the 16th century. It was at this time between 1530-60 when Spain began to transport the newly discovered riches in the New World. Large amounts of gold, sugar, tabacco and pearls were being sent sand to Spain. In 1523 a French Corsair by the name of Jean Florin over took several weakly protected Spanish ships and captured a freight that held 62,000 ducats in gold, 600 marks of pearls and several tons of sugar. This brought pirates into the Caribbean (Lane 16). Spain was forced to protect the cargo ships that transported the riches that they were obtaining in the New World and the cost was very great. Trade ships were demand to travel in convoys and be armed. Also a Spanish fleet was formed that traveled the seas twice a year, patrolling the trade routes for pirates. There was great indecision to form a navy that would patrol the Caribbean seas because of costs, but much would be lost because of this hesitation. Not only were merchant ships being pick off and there cargo taken, unprotected Caribbean towns were being raided and the colonists gains... ...story were used mainly for the raiding and capturing of Spanish colonies. These events would take place until the early 1670s when governments attempted to phase out pirates. Laws were make in an attempt to make pirates give up the profession voluntarily (Lane 126). For the most part this worked, but there are many cases of raids and such after. The action that piracy held on trade and the Spanish Empire was over after the sufficient damage that it caused. Damage that was highly influential in shaping the Caribbean and the Empires of atomic number 63 into what they are.Works CitedKelsey, Harry. Sir Francis Drake The Queens Pirate. Yale University Press New Haven. 1998.Lane, Kris E. Pillaging the Empire Piracy in the Americas. M.E. Sharpe New York. 1998.Williams, Neville. The Sea Dogs Privateers, Plunders and Piracy in the Elizabethan Age. Macmillian New York. 1975.

Chicago Gangs :: Gang Essays

From the late 1800s up through the present date, musical theater has changed. Though tradition and love for the theater will always be carried on, origins, trends, and styles will change throughout time.The American musical was born long before European operetta crossed the Atlantic. In The American Musical Stage Before 1800. Julian Mates tells us that Americas early theatres were essenti completelyy lyric theatresIn America, no earlier dramatic forms existed, and the musical stage became our only tradition (musicals101.com). During Americas first hundred years, the favorite musical entertainments during the time were conformation musical shows. In the 1860s and 70s, Pantomime was a the main Broadway staple. In these types of shows, clown characters were taken and placed in plots based on mother Goose stories. Also seen was the insertion of popular songs whenever the audience needed a breather. The Pantomime form disappeared completely from American stages by 1880.From 1879 unti l 1884 the variety team of Edward Harrigan and Tony hart produced and performed in musical farces set on the streets of New York. The main focus of the shows was on lower class immigrant life, depicting real-life problems as interracial tensions, political corruptness and gang violence. Harrigan and Hart are best known as the creators of musical comedy. They made these problems into harmless humor. Harrigan and Harts shows had scores in the style of modern popular music with simple melodies and lyrics, lots of sentiment and a wry sense of street-smart humor (musicals 101.com).In 1878, Gilbert and Sullivans HMS Pinafore premiered in the linked States. Their arrival sparked an overwhelming response from the people, the craze that was, was known as Pinafore-Mania. The songs that were sung in the show became the language of the people, and became part of anyday conversation. Even though it seemed all was good, some were not pleased and happy with the two invaders. In the century si nce Gilbert and Sullivan, people on both sides of the Atlantic have bitched about invasions coming from the other side. America and Britain have continually sent each other their best shows for over a hundred years. If the balance tilts a bit every now and then, no matter it will shift again (musical 101.com). With the growth of the American cities and with the Industrial Revolution going on, the theater-fans were becoming more sophisticated. With this, the homegrown musical entertainment, due to the success of Gilbert and Sullivan, looked second rate.

Character Development Essay examples -- Personal Narrative Essays

Character Development at Harvard   The primary purpose of tuition is to provide an environment in which students can develop the skills and acquire the knowledge they need to fulfill in our changing society. We strive to provide opportunities for individuals to make decisions and boost them to satisfy their schoolman needs responsibly and effectively. - Everett High School philosophy   Vague mission statements seem to be the staple of well-nigh insane asylumal philosophies. However, the higher up philosophy of my high school makes it clear that its purpose was to equip students with skill and knowledge to function in society and in further academic pursuits. On the other hand, Harvard University states that it is the universitys responsibility to preach community and social values to students - that it is a vital component of an undergraduate breeding. Harvard supports moral education for a life of gain and reputation, and the universitys mission statement relates th e importance of moral education in the full higher-educational experience. College graduates should adopt a higher tone and spread the value of our higher education and of our social class. The Harvard statement makes reference to reputation, it is clear that universities uphold the idea of moral education and character development in order to bolster their public image.   I absolutely agree with the necessity of colleges and universities to promote community activism and to encourage graduates to act out a life that reflects well on their universities, although I do not believe that it is solely the responsibility of the university to instill such values in its graduates. All organized social groups should encourage community ... ...r voices heard in elections and local anaesthetic politics.   A society that places trust in its college graduates to be useful and to reflect a good reputation of both society and the graduates institution of higher learning is valuable only if the university makes an attempt in good faith to encourage values of community involvement. Only with active attempts to engage political, social, and moral discussion can graduates actually go out into the world with the experience and skills to impact society. It is not enough for society to expect college graduates to be more than academic giants, but society itself (in the form of other institutions) must encourage citizens to lead useful lives. They must advocate a life that enhances the repute of the individual and the institution. The most feasible institution for such a statement to be made in is the University.  

Character Development Essay examples -- Personal Narrative Essays

Character Development at Harvard   The primary purpose of education is to provide an environs in which students tail develop the skills and acquire the knowledge they need to fulfill in our changing ships company. We strive to provide opportunities for individuals to make decisions and encourage them to satisfy their pedantic needs responsibly and effectively. - Everett High School philosophy   Vague mission affirmations seem to be the staple of most organisational philosophies. However, the above philosophy of my postgraduate school makes it clear that its purpose was to equip students with skill and knowledge to function in social club and in further academic pursuits. On the other hand, Harvard University states that it is the universitys debt instrument to preach community and social values to students - that it is a vital component of an undergraduate education. Harvard supports moral education for a life of usefulness and reputation, and the universitys missio n description relates the importance of moral education in the full higher-educational experience. College graduates should adopt a higher tone and spread the value of our higher education and of our social class. The Harvard statement makes reference to reputation, it is clear that universities uphold the idea of moral education and character development in order to bolster their public image.   I absolutely equalize with the necessity of colleges and universities to promote community activism and to encourage graduates to act out a life that reflects well on their universities, although I do not believe that it is exclusively the responsibility of the university to instill such values in its graduates. All organized social groups should encourage community ... ...r voices heard in elections and local politics.   A society that places trust in its college graduates to be useful and to reflect a good reputation of both society and the graduates institution of higher cul tivation is valuable only if the university makes an attempt in good faith to encourage values of community involvement. Only with active attempts to engage political, social, and moral discussion can graduates actually go out into the world with the experience and skills to impact society. It is not enough for society to expect college graduates to be more than academic giants, but society itself (in the form of other institutions) must encourage citizens to lead useful lives. They must advocate a life that enhances the repute of the individual and the institution. The most feasible institution for such a statement to be made in is the University.  

Major Crime

What is the purpose of major law-breaking-reporting programs? What makes a successful crime-reporting program in the United States? The purpose for major crime-reporting programs is to try to improve the methology and to publish the collective data. So by having major crime-reporting programs the law enforcement agencies argon able to get education and also collect data to figure out the crime patterns of the nation instead of just one spot. This is hard though because not all of the crimes that lay off up happening get reported. So by this being said not everything can go into the crime-reporting programs.I think the government needs to try to call up another way to get these smaller none reported crimes to be reported. What makes a successful crime reporting program in the United States is that near of the crimes do get reported the way that they should, and that the police officers are doing their job to the best of their abilities. I think it could be stepped up a notch and perhaps put camaras in the cruisers so the crimes that do not get reported at least have a sign to get reported. How do crime rates relate to arrest rates and clearance rates?Is thither a way to improve the correlation between crime rates, arrest rates, and clearance rates in the effort to combat criminal activity? Crime rates are when the number is divided by the total number of crimes that are what they called cleared. This is when the crime is closed, finished or they found the criminal in whatever was going on with the crime. To combat criminal activity the police can derive the information from the UCR (uniform crime report). From what I was reading clearance rates is the percentage of crimes that have been closed by arrest, exceptional means, etc. So in my tone to help improve the correlation between crime rates, arrest rates and clearance rates, is to get all the facts straight. Do not jump from one to the other. run into all the information that you can, and see what is going on, get cases closed or any old cases if they were closed because in significant evidence see if there is anything that you can do to change the out come and re-open the close case to get it closed the right way and find out what really happened. http//en. allexperts. com/q/Criminal-Law-916/2010/10/crime-rates. htm

Lawsuit In Movies

The movie North argonna featured Josey Aimes, the woman with two kids who only wanted to make life better and happier for her family. After leaving her inglorious husband, she found a job as hairdresser. But learning that working in the local mine could pay her good enough, she applied for it non sagacious the prejudices and negations received by women miners. As days passed by in her life as a miner, she started to notice the dominance of the clan of Adam in that scatter of the country.Everyday, she could hear sexist jokes, and disrespectful comments from male coworkers, she began to outrage turning herself the object of hate, but at the same time, of lust. She later found out that the women in her hometown were so scared to come out of their shell that nobody even wanted to stand by her side. With the help of a local lawyer, she filed for a informal anguish case against her workplace, when she was nearly raped.The movie opened with a big bang of emotions and scenarios that c ontinuously built the excitement of any viewer to follow the journeys and decisions made by the female protagonist. Events bid going away from her husband, getting inside the manly world of mining, and being the herculean woman amidst the fangs and stings of men, kept true to the philosophy of Niki Caro women empowerment, like the Whale Rider. The director was able to present the powerhouse impact of the scenes attributed to a community enveloped in discrimination against women. Charlize Theron played the protagonist woman and added merits to her credentials.North Country was based on the case filed and won by Lois Jensen against the Eveleth Mines. It took over two decades before the charge was settled. Indeed, she made history by changing the course of sexual harassment law in the United States of America. The lawsuit created rooms for the rights of women against sexual harassment, discrimination and other negative actions towards women in the workplace.Erin BrokovichWith three c hildren to give a befitting life, she asked her lawyer to help her get a work. She later found her career in researching about the case of water pollution and sickness among the children in a small town. She then excavated that the cause was the toxic wastes dumped by the huge company in the area. The worse part was that the company was trying to hide it from investigations. The company was so powerful that it could just make her dead in the records, but she was not stopped by this.She went an extra mile just to expose the truth. But she is not your ordinary good girl, smart employee in the office. She had skeletons in her closets, too. She usually left her children with her biker boyfriend, acting like she was not the mother. Dressed like a whore, she made Erin Brokovich heroine in a small town when she brought down a deep-pocketed company.Steven Soderbergh directed this film with wit and passion. He maximized the potentials, including the natural sexiness, of Julia Roberts, who p layed the role so effectively in return. This might bewilder driven the female part of the audience crazy of desiring to be like Erin in their worlds. Every woman wanted to be the raw(a) modern woman, dressing casually but could carry the world when asked to. This is like a refresher movie of what Roberts was in the Pretty Woman, the role that made her the highest-paid and the most sought-after actress in Hollywood.The movie was based on the story of Erin Brokovich who helped the burdened community win over the Pacific Gas & Electric Company. She did not have the looks or appearance of a lawyer. But she managed to go on her way to help in the success of the bigheartedst settlement for a direct lawsuit ever. This intelligibly shows that if you have d superstar something bad, it will haunt you no matter where you are and what status you belong. Moreover, no matter how good you are in hiding or covering your wrongdoings, the issue itself could find itself in the surface.A Civil Act ionA community struck with something that made the people vulnerable to skin rashes, and a leukemia outbreak among the youth, was finally put to limelight when they start to take their fate against two big corporations. The residents wanted person to apologize for the death of their children. Their need for someone to defend them came at the right time for the firm of Jan Schlichtmann, who chose cases they believe they could get to success. Usually, their clients were poor, putting a pro-people and pro-justice on their image. But in his mind and heart, the lawyer was hoping for large settlement money. As they were getting through the lawsuit, the firm was also continuously sinking below the line of bankruptcy.The movie was based on the primary accounts of Jonathan Harr during the proceedings. This engraft the movie inside the courtroom. Stories about the Woburn victims were set aside for the presentation of what really happened inside the hearing of the case. John Travolta gave ju stice to the character of Schlichtmann, as being the would-be(prenominal) lawyer, who wanted to nail down WR & Grace and Beatrice Foods, for a substantial amount of money. He also made a mistake when he was carried with the story of one of the victims. Robert Duvall, who played the antagonist Jerome Facher, also made a great effort in his role as the lawyer of one of the companies involved in the issue.environmental crime is probably one of the celebrated cases in the history of man. This is because different sectors participate in the deliberation of points, trying to sound pro-environment. Oftentimes, big industrial companies are usually the subjects. Justice has its price, goes the tagline of the movie that peeked through the climax of the movie wherein the victims got a whopping amount of settlement money. This shows the negative attachments of the judicial system of the country. It made understand that money could have the power to break the shield of morality, humanity, and most of all, love.ReferenceCaro, N (dir). 2005. North Country. USA Warner Bros. Pictures.Soderbergh, S (dir). 2000. Erin Brokovich. USA Jersey Films.Zaillian, S (dir). 1998. A Civil Action. USA Touchstone Pictures.

Global Issues: Obesity, Inactivity, and Water-Crisis

Health is a precious gift that needs to be cherished. Unfortunately, there be three global issues that are destroying populations wellness and killing them. These wellness concerns include inactivity, obesity and lack of pencil eraser drinking water. The positive perspective of these issues is the fact that they are all(a) preventable through fashioning the right decisions and taking action. Due to higher lines of sedentary lifestyles, inactivity has become one of the critical current global issues. Inactivity is defined as a failure to meet the daily minimum physical requirement of moderate exercise.According to New York Times, worldwide, 31. 1% of adults are inactive, from which 43. 4% of North America, 34. 8% of Europe, 30% of Russia, 30% of the Middle East, and 27% African. Based on these percentages, it is reasonable to assume that the wealthy the region is, the such(prenominal) inactive it is likely to be. Sedentary lifestyles have recently been colligate to many hea lth issues such as heart disease, Type 2 diabetes, colon cancer and breast cancer. As stated in the New York Times, globally, or so 5. 3 gazillion people die from health issues that are related to physical inactivity however comparatively, 5. million people die due to health concerns that are related to smoking. It is unfortunate that people do not understand the magnitude of the importance of physical activity due to the fact that inactivity is as deadly as smoking cigarettes. In the United States, inactivity level is the highest in the world, which makes it an undeniable concern. The average American lifestyle consists of driving to work, sitting at a desk all day, then sitting in front of a computer or a TV screen until falling asleep. The common trend of this routine is a lot of sitting and very little exercise.Although, the good news is that health issues correlated with inactivity can be easily prevented by meeting the minimum exercise requirement, which is a twenty-minute w alk per day. Additionally, as for worldwide prevention, governmental intervention may be necessary. Some examples are to build more parks, promote the importance of exercise, and set up financial incentives. Obesity is another growing global concern, which is defined as an abnormal or excessive juicy accumulation that may impair health, which is caused by an energy imbalance between calories consumed and calories expended. According to the World Health Organization, as of 2008, there are 1. 4 jillion adults that are overweight, of which 200 million men and 300 million women were obese. Obesity is the fifth leading risk for deaths around the world around 2. 8 million adults each year die due to health issues concerning being overweight or obese. Some medical conditions are cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and several types of cancers. Globally, obesity has been a growing concern, due to consumption of high calorie processed foods. In addition, an change magnitude level of inactiv ity adds to the growing number of obese people.The bright side of obesity is that it is very easily preventable. On an individual level, obesity can be prevented by limited intake of highly calorie processed foods, increased intake of fresh produce such as vegetables and fruit, and regular exercise. The United States, also known as the fattest country in the world, has been battling with the growing issue of obesity. The quick pace and busy lifestyle does not help this fast food loving society. Americans love for McDonalds, Burger King, KFC, and other fast food joints is not helping the battle with the expanding waistlines.In response to this concern, there have been several preventable initiates, such as Michelle Obamas Lets Move campaign that aims to get word kids the importance of eating healthy and exercising regularly. Overall, obesity is a fast growing concern but it can be prevented by the correct actions, companionship and initiatives. Furthermore, the lack of safe drinki ng water is another critical global concern. According to WHO, unsafe drinking water causes diarrhea, malaria, malnutrition, lymphatic filariasis, and trachoma.The availability of safe drinking water is the essential to staying healthy. The human body is made up of mostly water thus, to stay healthy, we require fairish water just as much as we need proper nutrients from food. The developing areas of the world have the lowest availability of safe cleaning water due to insuffient governmental capital funds. However, clean water concern is not limited to only really poor areas such as Africa and Southeast Asia. Eastern European countries are also suffering from the problem of not having clean drinking water.From my own experience of living in Kiev, Ukraine, the water that comes out of the faucet is pigmented yellow and is not recommended for drinking. There, most people opt for drinking only bottled water. The good news about the issue of unsafe drinking water is the fact that accord ing to the WHO, 89% of the worlds population had some form of improved water supply. In order to continue improving the worlds water supply, local governments need to gift in necessary precautions to make the drinking water safe, such as distributing water filters, water bottles, and building protected dug wells.Overall, the three current issues that are affecting global health are inactivity, obesity and lack of safe drinking water. A person cannot be healthy if they sit around all day, consuming more calories than their body knows what to do with and drink contaminated, dirty water. Physical activity, healthy eating patterns and clean water are essential to our everyday health thus, actions need to be taken at the individual and governmental level in order to save and prolong human lives on this planet. Works Cited How does safe water impact global health? WHO. 9 Sept. 2012 . Obesity and overweight. WHO. 19 Sept. 2012 . The Couch Potato Goes Global. Well. 19 Sept. 2012 . Wate r-related diseases. WHO. 19 Sept. 2012 . Water, sanitation and hygiene. WHO. 19 Sept. 2012 .

Food Chemistry Options Report Essay

Food Chemistry What is diet chemistry? Food chemistry is the application of the actual science that goes into the production, development, and actual creation of the foods we frequently consume. In reality, lots more thought as well as actual science goes into the food production and consumption that we as a society divulge in so regularly. It is up to the food chemists to design the most efficient and fastest way to make and preserve both the appeal as well as the nutrition of the food.With that being said, not only must the food meet the standards of the consumers, but the chemistry behind it must also be in make with the guidelines set up by organizations such as the FDA. Perhaps the most important factor when looking into a food is its chemical substance com plaza. For example, usual lipids include phospholipids, sterols, and vitamin D which be energise of their structures re main soluble in organic solvents but insoluble in water. A common lipid makeup of a alterso food con tains an intricate mixture of legion(predicate) different molecules.A large part of these lipid makeups ar usually a good amount of triacylglycercols which ar literally the esters of three fatty acids bonded to a glycerol molecule. Variation in fatty foods are then caused by differences in chain length, degree of unsaturation, and position on the glycerol molecule(ACS). Another prominent factor when considering the different types of fats is that the crotchety profile of lipids present determines the exact nutritional as well as physiochemical properties.As the discussion of food fat and oils continues, it is important to distinguish that the difference amid the two is that a fat is a lipid that is solid at get on temperature whereas an oil is a lipid that is liquid at that same temperature. Along with lipids, carbohydrates also have a very different chemical structure that contributes to their unique qualities. Carbohydrates exist in combinations of carbon, oxygen, and hydrog en which really shows how plain the base structure of a carbohydrate is.In the presence of animals, carbohydrates can be seen as starches whereas in embeds they are most commonly noticed as cellulose. Carbohydrates can be most commonly identified in their base state as simple profitss but they can quickly combine to form complex structures as more of the simple sugars combine. A common structure for a simple sugar or monosaccharide is a carbon chain ending with a carbonyl group that also has hydroxyl groups spread out over the molecule. The main difference from some simple sugars to others is the specific orientation of the hydroxyl groups around the simple sugar chain.As the talk of lipids goes more into depth, it is important to distinguish between the different types of fat and in this case the differences between saturated and unsaturated fats. It has long been common knowledge that unsaturated fat is better for you and that saturated fat is just horrible for you but it has n ever really been explained at all. However, when examining into the actual chemical effects that these two fats can have, it becomes oft easier to see why unity would be considered so much healthier over the other.As the chemical structure of saturated fats are examined it can be seen that since the molecule is so hard with hydrogen atoms, there is no double bonds contained between the atoms. These saturated fats have been known to raise cholesterol levels because of the more dense fat that must be consumed. When the structures of unsaturated fats are looked at, it can be seen that there is a huge difference between its chemical structure and that of the saturated fat. This difference is shown by the presence of double bonds between some of the atoms.This presence of double bonds then shows that the atom has a much less concentrated state in compare to the saturated fats which also explains why it remains at a liquid at room temperature instead of a more dense solid. As a result , these unsaturated fats take much less of an effort by the body to consume since they are less dense which is really what helps them in being considered so much healthier. Shelf life, the length of time a product can be stored without becoming unsuitable for use or consumption(Gyesley S. . There are many factors that go into the preserved shelf life of foods and many of which that have to do with the actual chemical composition of the food in question. These factors include the foods exposure to light, heat, water content, as well as exposures of the food to air in general which can lead to slow but actual chemical changes over time. The main problem associated with the exposure of light onto foods is how strong the affect of light can manage to be.Too much light will cause a loss in the presence of vitamins as well as the overall appearance since the excess of light can lead to a much faster deterioration of the food. There can really be a problem with the amount of water content in packaged foods today too, as that can affect the rate at which that food undergoes chemical changes however if the food comes dry and then begins to pick up moisture it can drastically change the rate at which microbial spoilage will take place.These chemical changes in the food is really what leads to the sharp decline in shelf life as well as the quality of the food and it is influenced in a very strong way by the temperature at which the food is stored. A gallon of milk left out at room temperature spawns microbial growth much faster than bingle that is left in the refrigerator. It is important to agnise how important the preservation of food becomes after reading about how easily food can spoil. The first of these is one of the most obvious that involves storing dairy products at low temperatures which usually encompasses using a refrigerator.There are also some techniques that change the packaging such as many foods these days that are packaged in reduced oxygen. The grow th of the traditional spoilage organisms can be prevented by the application of this new method at a higher(prenominal) rate than ever before. The use of these new packaging techniques really differs from the past when one of the most common forms of preservation in meats was to salt them very heavily. As that is now still an option, it is used way less often because of how unhealthy that has become to be considered by our society today.What is sometimes simply overlooked in foods is the appearance by which they come. Foods have color because of their ability to reflect and absorb the different wavelengths of visible light. When considering where these colors actually come from the answer usually involves one of the natural pigments of either anthocyanins or carotenoids. Anthocyanins are more commonly known to be present among plants. The colors they produce range from pink, red, and purple to blue. Carotenoids are considered to be more of a general igment as they are virtually foun d everywhere. These colors involve red, orange, and yellow which are typically most seen through nature. As to the presence of Anthocyanins in plants, it is important to realize that along with it comes the commonly known natural pigment of chlorophyll that is typically found in any plant that shows green. As the conversation onto the appearance of food continues, another aspect of food that would have to be considered is the texture of foods.In liquids, one of the most common ways that is used to change texture or the look is through the process of emulsion. This involves combining two liquids that would normally be insoluble to each other by means of adding one to the other drop by drop. This process of emulsion can really be sped up by the addition of an emulsifying agent as well which allows for the two liquids to combine faster. When the actual term of emulsifier is used, this just describes the actual substance that allows small droplets of one liquid to become suspended into the other.In conclusion, food chemistry involves a large amount of organic and chemical structure knowledge in order to maintain and improve upon the food production and bear on techniques that are already out there. Much more thought is often put into food chemistry then most people would think which shows why it is often not known or understood by the common person. However, as food development and preservation becomes even more prominent in our society today, common food chemistry knowledge should become more well known.

Archaeological Exhibit in the National Museum of the Philippines

A Systematically Written Presentation Paper on the Archaeological Exhibit content Museum Museum of the Filipino People The National Museum Museum of the Filipino People displayed an immense collection of artifacts, relics and historical objects of the Philippines. It also ho utilise fascinating and intriguing porcelain plates, coins, pots and jars, archaeological artifacts, jewelries, armaments and a whole potentiometer more. The museum was divided into sections and galleries wherein wizard would get to know the Philippines history from as far back as 40,000 years ago.The different galleries are the following The Origin or Pinagmulan, Archaeological Treasures or Kaban ng Lahi, The Filipinos and Their Rich Cultural Heritage or Kinahinatnan, and the San Diego Wreck Exhibit The first three galleries were about the San Diego Wreck Exhibit placed at the ground floor then continued onto the second floor. The San Diego was a Spanish Battleship that clashed with the Dutchs Mauritius when the Dutch tried to invade Manila in the 1600s. The events on the ship were recorded in Antonio de Morgas book, Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas.The San Diego was before a 3-masted trading ship built using different kinds of Asian wood in 1590 in Cebu. It was about 35 to 40 meters long, 12 meters wide and 8 meters high. The ship was give tongue to to sink near Fortune Island, Batangas, just off Manila Bay. The San Diego was originally known as the San Antonio, a Spanish trading vessel. The wreck of San Diego was discovered at a depth of 170 feet. It was give tongue to to be the first eer wreck in modern times in which it was prime as a result of communication among many civilizations.Underwater archaeology deals with recuperation and the study of disused and quaint objects and pieces submerged underwater thus it was a big challenge and an ordeal for it needs a lot of funding. Nonetheless, loads of archaeologists and other people move the adventure of discovering things underw ater, the comparable the San Diego Ship Wreck, for it continues to rewrite loads of our historic past. There were heaps of recovered and salvaged artifacts that divers unearthed from that ship wreck such as earthenware, glassware, stoneware, ceramics, coins, potteries, jewelries, armaments and a lot more.The earthenware includes the palayok also known as a cooking pot wherein we still use nowadays. The blue and white porcelain remains that were recovered are said to be part of the leftovers from San Diego as a merchant ship. Examples of which were bottles and dishes. They were not removed even if the ship was converted into a warship. There were at least 1500 pieces of porcelain that were separated all over the sunken ship. The designs on the porcelain remains were described to be of Buddhist and Taoist luck symbols.There were also gold and other precious objects that were undercoat on the wreck site identical some chains, rings, necklaces, and a carcanet also known as a jewel ed collar. There were also religious ornaments that were found like small crosses, a rosary with ivory beads and medallions. Even if centuries underwater have destroyed most of the ships weaponry like breastplates and helmets, other tools and weaponries were also found on the wreck like hammers, padlocks, sea chests and swords though they were only recognized by the shape of their concretions.The tableware and silverware that were found consist of plates, spoons and forks, bowl and candlesticks. The design on the tableware remains were mostly ornamented with birds, cocks, geese and deer which were popular during the 16th century. The tableware found also implied the social status of those residing and working on the warship like the high-ranking officers used the silverware while the lowest-ranked ones used the earthenware bowls. The other parts of the exhibit showed the wreck site and fourteen of the full sized recovered cannons.There were ancient navigational instruments that wer e displayed as well such as sounding weights and a ruler. These were appropriate for comprehending charts and navigating in coastal waters. The astrolabe and astronomical ring, other navigational instruments though their exact office were not fully determined yet, were recovered from the San Diego established Europes rapid propagation of technology. Big durable Asian stoneware jars were also found and displayed where it was said to be used for storing food supplies, preserving liquids and for packing delicate objects.The types of jars that were found on the wreck were the following, Martaban jars, Dragon Jars, Vietnamese Jars, Siamese Jars and Spanish Jars. The biggest Martaban jar, stone wares that are globular or ovaloid with narrow wide or narrow mouthed and has a dark brown glaze that were made from red clay, for example was used for storing drinking water. Spanish jars, round bottomed elongated jars with a constricted neck and an inverted rim, were said to be stowed in rows a nd layers on a bed of straw.The said jars were used for storing olives and oil, dried preserved fruits and reused to hold some wine and for transporting tar. Siamese jars on the other hand were globular vessels that can carry up to 300 liters of fluids like water, wine and vinegar. Several jars were marked with the initials AB. It was said to be probably the initials of the owner of San Diego, A. de Belver. Those initials were also bluntly carved on some silverware on the wreck. The discovery of the San Diego has notably stretched our knowledge of the Renaissance period.The next impetus I came across was the Kaban ng Lahi or Acrhaeological Treasures. In this gallery, it showcased archaeological artifacts, utilitarian vessels and burial jar collections of the early Filipino civilization and varied heritage way back 750,000 years ago. The displays were unearthed from various undermine sites in the Philippines. The gallery also presented the preparations of the dead and other burial practices of ancient Filipinos and their importance.The secondary burial was one of the practices which involved the re-burial of a dead persons bones after it has decomposed. Other artifacts that were showcased were the Dugout Wooden Coffin, Effigy Jars, and lots of anthropomorphic jar covers. There were earthenware pots resembling forms of human figures that were displayed in the museum. They were said to be found in Ayub Cave, in Pinol, Maitum, Saranggani Province. The head-shaped covers of the jars depict different kinds of facial expressions such as grief, sorrow, happiness, joy and satisfaction.The designs of the jars also indicated the high level of craftsmanship of the people before. The Maitum Burial Jars were used for secondary burial and were dated to the Metal Age Pottery. The Manunggul jar was one of the most valuable jar collections. It was a secondary burial vessel as well excavated from a Neolithic burial site in Manunggul cave of Lipuun, Palawan. The discovery of th ese vessels indicates that the early Filipinos believed in the life after death and other spiritual beliefs.Next up was the gallery of The Origin or Pinagmulan. The gallery basically showcased the origins of the Filipino Nation and the Philippine Islands as a whole. The display focused on the four periods of Philippine pre-history namely Paleolithic, Neolithic, Metal and Ceramic Age. The earliest evidence of the bearing of the people during the Pleistocene period were implied by the discovery of artifacts such as stone tools and fossils of large migrating animals like giant turtles located in Palawan and Cagayan Valley.During the Neolithic Period, the gallery displayed various shaped stone tools which signified that early Filipinos nonrecreational more attention to polishing their stone tools. Metal Age Pottery on the other hand, was the display of burial jars which indicated the burial custom practiced by the ancient people of the period. Then again in Ceramic Age, the appearance of high-fired ceramics was the evidence of this age. This gave arrest to the amplified nautical trade and cultural contact between the Philippines and other Southeast Asian neighbors.The last gallery which I encountered was The Filipinos and Their Rich Cultural Heritage or Kinahinatnan. The gallery basically presents the various cultures of the Filipinos. It focused on the Philippines crossroads and its diversity and tapestry of cultures. I was in completely astonished as I paid visit to the National Museum. It was my first time even. How great it is to see our nations rich artistic, historical and cultural heritage and the preservation of our past. Stoneware Jars Anthropomorphic Jar Covers

Go Blank Yourself Essay

Why educatees bombard fall out of college mountain not be pin pointed to superstar thing. There are precise many a(prenominal) reasons why people drop out of college uniform for instance, a scholarly person whitethorn be too overwhelmed with his or her whole college history. Also, a student whitethorn similarly be overwhelmed with his or her execution schedule on outdo of their busy college classes. Another reason students may drop out of groom is because of individualised problems, whether it may be family related or a relationship problems, they to squirt be very disagreeable on a student.Why students flunk out of college can not be pin pointed to one thing. There are very many reasons why people drop out of college like for instance, a student may be too overwhelmed with his or her whole college schedule. Also, a student may also be overwhelmed with his or her work schedule on top of their busy college classes. Another reason students may drop out of school is b ecause of personal problems, whether it may be family related or a relationship problems, they to can be very stressful on a student.Why students flunk out of college can not be pin pointed to one thing. There are very many reasons why people drop out of college like for instance, a student may be too overwhelmed with his or her whole college schedule. Also, a student may also be overwhelmed with his or her work schedule on top of their busy college classes. Another reason students may drop out of school is because of personalWhy students flunk out of college can not be pin pointed to one thing.There are very many reasons why peWhy students flunk out of college can not be pin pointed to one thing. There are very many reasons why people drop out of college like for instance, a student may be too overwhelmed with his or her whole college schedule. Also, a student may also be overwhelmed with his or her work schedule on top of their busy college classes. AnothWhy students flunk out of college can not be pin pointed to one thing. There are very many reasons why people drop out of college like for instance, a student may be too verwhelmed with his or her whole college schedule. Also, a student may also be overwhelmed with his or her work schedule on top of their busy college classes. Another reason students may drop out of school is because of personal problems, whether it may be family related or a relationship problems, they to can be very stressful on a student. er reason students may drop out of school is because of personal problems, whether it may be family related or a relationship problems, they to can be very stressful on a student. ple drop out of college like for instance, a student may be too overwhelmed with his or her whole college schedule. Also, a student may also be overwhelmed with his or her work schedule on top of their busy college classes. Another reason students may drop out of school is because of personal problems, whether it may be family related or a relationship problems, they to can be very stressful on a student. Why students flunk out of college can not be pin pointed to one thing.There are very many reasons why people drop out of college like for instance, a student may be too overwhelmed with his or her whole college schedule. Also, a student may also be overwhelmed with his or her work schedule on top of their busy college classes. Another reason students may drop out of school is because of personal problems, whether it may be family related or a relationship problems, they to can be very stressful on a student. problems, whether it may be family related or a relationship problems, they to can be very stressful on a student.

Mktg Plan for Jollibee Essay

Jollibees growth is due to its delicious menu line-up like its superior-tasting Chickenjoy, mouth-watering Yumburger and Champ hamburger, and deliciously satisfying Jollibee Spaghetti -ably complemented with creative selling programs, and efficient manufacturing and logistics facilities. It is made possible by well-trained teams that work in a culture of integrity and humility, fun and family-like. Every Jollibee outlet welcomes customers with a clean and hard in-store environment and friendly and efficient service.And it is this tried and tested formula of delivering great-tasting nutrient, adherence to world class operating standards and the universal appeal of the family values the brand represents that atomic number 18 driving the expansion of Jollibee both locally and in the overseas market. BUSINESS TREND ANALYSIS Fast food or quick service restaurants form come a yen way since 1921 when White Castle, the start-off fast food hamburger chain, sold burgers at five cents a piece and ended its first day with a US$3. 75 profit. Arguably, A&W was the first fast food restaurant having sold the first frosty mug of A&W root beer for one nickel in 1919.In the Philippines, Tropical Hut Hamburger is reputedly the first hamburger chain dating covering fire to 1965. The trend of take in out spending and fast food expansion as a vehicle to growth will continue as long as in that location is fierce competition in the workplace. The drive towards competitiveness with longer working hours and no time for home cooking coupled with the communitys continuing desire for new fast food concepts will allow innovative and progressive food chains to prosper. A downside to this is the changing eating habits, which some researches suggest has led to an unhealthy lifestyle.However, fast foods baffle been made aware of this situation and are starting to offer healthier options. The fast food industry is not without its challenges, especially in the United States. From risin g food costs, economic recession and changing perceptions about health, many fast food franchises gain been feeling some heat. But rather than flee from this challenge, the fast food industry has been adopting new practices and offering new products. Modern society is on the go, and there is plenty of demand for a quick bite at all times of the day.Fast food franchising opportunities exist in the traditional spaces like burgers and pizza, unless are also sprouting up in healthy and unique ways as well. The fast food industry, also known as agile Service Restaurants (QSR), has been serving up tasty morsels for as long as people have lived in cities. The modern system of fast food franchising is believed to have started in the mid 1930s when Howard Johnson franchised his second location to a friend as a means to expand operations during the Great Depression.And oh how it has grown As cars became commonplace, the drive-thru concept brought explosive growth to the idea of food-on-the go. Fast Food was added to the Merrion-Webster dictionary in 1951 and U. S. fast food companies are now franchised in over degree centigrade countries. In the U. S. alone there are over 200,000 restaurant locations Revenue has grown from $6 billion in 1970 to $160 billion last year, an 8. 6% annualized rate. Fast food franchises focus on high volume, low cost and high speed product.

Horace “Adversity” Discussion Board

Discussion Board Essay 1 harm has the effect of eliciting talents which in prosperous circumstances would have lain dormant, by Roman poet, Horace. His statement implies that only casualty may bring forth greatness. Ruin reveals true genius, in clover conceals it. The quote, Adversity has the effect of eliciting talents which in prosperous circumstances would have lain dormant, by Roman poet, Horace, wouldnt mean much to me if it wasnt so utterly true.Every whiz faces some sort of adversity throughout their lifetime. Adversities or obstacles agreeably involve weighing ones options and then deciding what to do. The decisions we make shape who we are. So consequently adversity plays a crucial role in developing a persons character. In Richard Rodriguezs Hunger of Memory, Rodriguez is unexpended feeling socially disadvantaged from his inability to speak English. He also had Mexican immigrants as a child which coupled with all his other disadvantages led him to be studious.He became distant from his family and chose to become a scholarly person smell towards teachers for role models. Without this disadvantage/ adversity, he wouldnt have realized his true potential as a student and writer. How we handle adversity is what matters Take a common scenario, therapy for example, in consideration when regard adversity. In almost all situations the psychologist exit let you pour out all your emotions and troubles (adversity).He or she will then ask you how you feel and offer words of wisdom. Then youll make your decision. The psychologist will usher concepts of winning responsibility and action. Whether or not someone heeds this advice is up to the person and the path taken will unendingly shape someones character. When facing adversity I would try to be optimistic, opting never to quit. I know the challenges of my life have made me who I am today and it has brought out a cope of my talents.If I had more smothering, wealthy parents, prosperous circumstances, I wo uldnt have been even remotely near the person that I am today The fact that I felt distant from my family at a young age caused me to be more independent (in school). I practically forced myself to learn, looking up to teachers as role models. In turn, I absorbed the merits my teachers valued. Because of them I always try my opera hat and put quality over quantity. The extra attention to quality I gained has caused me to think more creatively and become more in tune with my artistic side. Word Count 409

AirAsia Consumer Behaviour Essay

1.0. IntroductionAIRASIAAirAsia is a Malaysian company, that introduced the Low Cost Carrier service to the domesticated market and stilltually the asian region. Currently AirAsia isthe leader in this market segment. Before it fits the AirAsia that we all deal today, AirAsia was a poorly performed company owned by a government-link company (GLC) in Malaysia, DRB-HICOM. In 2001, it was sell to the current owner, Tony Fernandes and its TuneAir company, for a sum of only when RM1.00 or approximately US$0.30, together with its accumulated debt of RM40 peerless million million million (AirAsia, 2008). Within two course of instructions, Tony Fernandes exceeds everyones expectations, and turned AirAsia to a profit making company. By the third year it was listed in the Kuala Lumpur bourse with outstanding IPO (initial Public Offer) of RM717.4 million (AirAsia, 2008).In 2006, the AirAsia was given the use of LCCT terminal in Malaysia, because its passenger load engender expanded to s uch a capacity. This assignment will describe how AirAsia, managed to become the company it is today, started with a fleet of only 1 production linecraft in 2001, to a fleet of 72 aircrafts, go over 61 domestic and 108 international destinations, and operates over 400 flights daily from hubs located not only in Malaysia, but too Thailand and In shamesia, and launched AirAsia X for longer haul flights with its wide-body aircrafts, through the eyes of Consumer Behaviour, from psychological drivers, sociological drivers and consumer finding making touch.2.0. Psychological Drivers of consumer behaviourThere atomic number 18 psychological drivers that influence the consumers behaviour. They ar motivation, perception, learning, determine, beliefs and attitudes, and lifestyle, argon useful for intrepeting the consumers buying process and directing the companys merchandising efforts.2.1. Motivation.Motivation is the energizing force that causes behavior that satisfies a contend. The needs ar hierarchical, from the basic of it and utmoster.2.1.1. Hierarchy of necessarilyFrom this Maslows Hierarchy of Needs, in advance AirAsia, air change of location is generally considered in the higher hierarcy of needs, flirt with, where some citizenry intend to show other(a)s their ability to break down by air, and visit destinatations that others lott. This is what AirAsia realized, they created the tagline promptly everyone can vaporize, hence creating the aw benes to the people, and also created the motivation that now air travel is no longerconsidered in the esteem hierarchy of needs, people can travel just to fulfil their Love/Belonging needs, whether people travel to seek the ones they love, friends or family, or they travel to please those loved ones, such as holiday destinations, by air.2.1.2. Means-end scope.Means-end chain follow a sequence-honered approach for thinking about motivational issues. The central premise that objects have value only b ecause they produce desirable consequences or enable one to avoid negative consequences is at the heart of nigh modern conceptualizations of motivation (Atkinson, 1964, Lewin, 1951, Tolman 1959).The above chain shows that at the end of the day, a consumer who get AirAsia as way of their air travel, will have excess money to save or to put across on some matter else in their travel or holiday.The ad above, shows that because of the AirAsias cheap price of airticket to London, consumers get to sink their money on something else, like shopping and visiting heritages places in London. AirAsia merchandise people created the motivation of a desirable consequences if consumer grease ones palms their service2.2. Perception.Perception is the process of assembling sensations into a useable mental authority of the world,..perception creates faces, melodies, works of art, illusions out of the raw material of sensation (Coon, 1983) or to summarize, is the process by which physical sensat ions are selected, organised and interpreted. Individuals with the corresponding need might not leveraging or choose sympathetic products or service due to the difference in perception.From the perceptual process model above (Solomon, 2006), AirAsia succeded in creating stimulations and attentions, and undertake to generalized the perception of people that now everyone can take flight. Obviously they stimulate the sights first, by using the resembling tagline in every ads, media and online and billboards. Thus, consumers remember this cultivation, which results when they want to purchase an air passage ticket, AirAsia is the first choice comes to mind.2.3. attainmentLearning is the process by which relatively permanent changes occur in behavioural potential as a result of put through (Anderson, 1995). AirAsias merchandise people understand consumers learning process touching their decision making.2.3.1. Behavioural Learning. doubleed exposure to an experience will result i n the process of ontogeny an automatic response to that particular situation. In the AirAsia case, the company is trying to develop that automatic response is choosing AirAsia as their airway, everytime a customer wants to buy an airline ticket. e.g As AirAsia owns by Tune company who also owns the Hotel chain of Tune Hotel, the company able to sell air tickets together with hotel fares, resulted in cheaper and convenient way to travel. Customers larn that through the website, they can purchased the air ticket together with hotel. This resulted in repeated behaviour of buying AirAsia ticket, as the customer find it more convenient.2.3.2. Cognitive Learning.AirAsia is trying to make connections between the two ideas of get airline ticket together with the hotel. But now, as the customers uses the AirAsia website to purchase the air ticket, they can also choose a wider range of hotel choices, not just the AirAsias own Tune Hotel Chain. AirAsia through their website now also car ry as an agent, where customer, as theyre saving money by buying airasias ticket, have the options to throw off more whether to indulge in more luxurious way of staying, by choosing more luxurious hotels that now available in the companys website.The above screenshot of airasias website shows that cosumers can purchase airticket and hotel vouchers at the same time.2.3.3. Brand Loyalty.One of the way of doing applicating learning principles by AirAsia is introducing their reward programs to AirAsias customers, there are the shop flyer miles, or free ticket, or holiday vouchers to give away to its customers. These things reinforce their behaviour and pattern brand loyalty toward AirAsia itself. AirAsia is trying to educate the people, they themselves become the catalyst of the learning process.The outcome of learning is memory. By putting inputs and information out there, now everyone can fly, even the people who are not in needs of air travel, learned that there is now a cheap way to fly. Hence, this information is recovered from memory when these consumers are in need of air travel, and choose AirAsia.2.4. Beliefs and Attitudes.Beliefs and attitudes play an essential social occasion in influencing the buying decisions of consumers. No matter how good the service is, but if the consumer feels it is useless, he/she would never purchase it.From the attitude-towards-the-ad models, AirAsia, creates such an exposure to ads for consumers, with the same theme of red and white, in their billboards ads, websites look, magazine and forward-lookingspapers ads, thus affecting the beliefs towards the AirAsia brand.Constant exposure to these ads and commercials, with red and white coloured themed, create the attitude of choosing AirAsia, when the time is come for consumer to make a choice.2.5. Lifestyle.A psyches activities, interests and opinions, often resulted in that particular persons lifestyle. The technology nowadays created a new lifestyle in peoples life. net income and smartphones is becoming more and more important to people. AirAsia recognized this, beside website as their acquire portal, now people also can purchase air ticket and hotel voucher as well through their smartphones, by creating cover for smartphones plattforms such as iOS and android.3.0. Sociological Drivers of consumer behaviour3.1. Personal Influence.Personal influences resulted from the interaction between one individual and others. These influences can also come from opinion leaders, where one individual can exert definite infulence over other people. e.g., in a working environment, when a manager decided to use AirAsia, even for his/her personal travel, his/her subordinances will be influenced to do the samething.3.2. Reference Groups.When a certain individual looks to a separate of people, as a basis of self-appraisal or as a source for personal standards, these root of people can be considered as Reference groups. Marketers must understand how groups influe nce individual behaviour, how group influences vary accross products and brands, how to use group influences to develop effective strategies. Recognizing these groups can help the marketing people of AirAsia for their marketing strategies. There are three types of reference groups to create a difference in marketing implications3.2.1. social station group.A membership group is where an individual is actually belong to.3.2.2. Aspiration group.An aspiration group is a group where an individual want to be indentified to.3.2.3. Dissociative group.A dissociative group is a group where one individual wants to maintain a distance to, because of differences in values or behaviour.3.3. The Family.Differential influence of family members can affect the pruchasing decisions. AirAsia recognized this by introducing one credit card for all transactions in their home website. In asian region, in a family, decision usually carried out by the transfer of the family (the father), or the one who is providing for the whole family. Thus, even where a situation like a joint decision making is arised, the father who has the biggest income usually make the decision. In their website, a father, can create a user denote, which already included with all the credit cards data. In this case, any family member who wants to purchase air ticket can easily use their husbands/fathers username.3.4. social Class.Social class is a relatively permanent, self-colored divisions in a guild into which people sharing similar values, interests, and behaviour are grouped. The determinant of social class usually include occupation, source of income and education. AirAsias marketing strategies and advertisement spotted these social classes in society, especially the middle-class. Therise of middle-class economy in asia peaceable region created more value-oriented consumer, where value for money is important. Co-workers, students even housewives group can now easily travel and spend holiday together.3. 5. CultureCulture refers to the set of values, ideas and attitudes that are accepted by a homogeneous group of people and transmitted to the next generation. The South eastmost Asiatic region, where AirAsia is based, is translated to a growing market. By studying the buying patterns of these people, AirAsia can focused their marketing strategies. These growing market in South East Asia, which also recognized by the growing economies, means more and more people have an free disposable income. The South East Asian people are easily affected by others. A trend is easily formed, if a group of workers, families or students are using AirAsia to travel and explore new places and shared their experiences through social media, it can easily influence other similar groups in the society to do the same thing.4.0. Consumer Decision Making process.4.1. puzzle recognition.First stage of the consumer decision making process is the problem recognition. At this stage, a consumer is perceiving a need. In AirAsias case, is the need to travel. In some AirAsias advertisement, the marketing people shows a numerous travel destination, with each separate own picture, and shows how cheap it is now to get to those places by using AirAsia as their airline. Hence, it is underlining the need of the people. This relates to marketing mix, of PRODUCT, PRICE and PLACE. For PRODUCT and PRICE, no airlines before airasia can provide this low fare of airtickets. As for PLACE, airasia provides more destination regionally than any other airlines and also have new sales office in major cities not just in Malaysia, but also Indonesia and the Phillippines. Another thing, the internet booking, how airasia manage to save consumers time in purchasing of airticket, people can now buy their airtickets online, or even from their smartphones.The ad shows how cheap it is to travel to Paris. The need to travel,especially overseas, maybe as honeymoon, is already there, but now AirAsia, with these commercial s all over the place, is enhancing that need.4.2. Information anticipateThe information search by the consumers, clarify what options are there available to them. Which airline is the cheapest, which one is the most comfortable, hassle free and so on. There are two steps of information search4.2.1. inner Search.Internal search is where one search ones memory, recall any previous experience or information, in this case, related to air travel. An individual may remember how hard it is to purchase a ticket using a physical store, where the need to be at the travel agent physically and purchased the ticket. In marketing mix, PROMOTION, airasia is going all-out with their now everyone can fly tagline. Consumer can see this tagline everywhere billboards on roadsides, magazines, newspaper, even on news website as pop-up advertisement. Airasia is trying to objectt this tagline inside everyones mind, hence, by the time they want to purchase airticket, they straight away remember of airasi as now everyone can fly.4.2.2. External Search.Sources for external information are usually friends and family, public sources, and marketer-dominated source. Marketer-dominated sources are where AirAsias marketing team up excelled at. Their advertising aggressive all over the place and media, their websites are constantly updating with new time-limited promotions, causation people to access it more often. Now, consumers can even subscribe for their newsletter by emails.In relation to marketing mix, airasia provide new PRODUCT/SERVICE. The screenshot above shows AirAsia comes up with hassle free website, with its gilded page technology, that shows multiple destinations pictures that always changing in the home page.4.3. Evaluation of alternativesAt this stage, a consumer is evaluating what are the alternatives of choiceshe/she has. The company will always enhancing what are their superiorities over competitors. PRICE is one obvious thing why consumer choose AirAsia, theirs will o ften cheaper than others. Other way doing this is always one step onward in the technology side of marketing. AirAsia is the first airline that providing online purchasing through the internet. Now, where other low-cost airline also have the same feature on their website, AirAsia have come up with smartphone application. This application can be downloaded to a consumers smartphone, and he/she can easily make flight queries or purchasing ticket(s) or even buying hotel voucher, just by using his/her smartphone.4.4. Purchase decisionAt this stage, consumer are making their decision in which airline service to choose. AirAsias marketing people understand at the previous stages of CDP, they have excelled. Hence, at this stage, their marketing mix, PRODUCT, PRICE, PROMOTION and PLACE of AirAsia have succesfully target the consumer and guiding them into purchasing their service.4.5. Postpurchase behaviourAt this stage, the consumer compares the service they purchased with expectations and is either satisfied of dissastified. Expentancy disconfirmation with performance approach (Oliver, 1997) and the balancing paradigm (Fournier and Mick, 1999) are two current theories of consumer satisfaction. Satisfaction more likely to lead to repeat purchase/loyalty and substantiative Word of Mouth (WOM). Dissatisfaction more likely to lead to brand switching, complaints and negative word of mouth (WOM). In AirAsias case, they try to minimize the consumers expectations as low as possible.The two pictures above are the screenshot of airasia website when consumer purchasing airticket. It clearly shows that passengers will not get in-flight refreshment, no complimentary luggage, no choice of seats, unless they purchase all of these things in the website. By doing this, AirAsia managed to get their customers expectations as low as possible, beacuse they dont promise other than the service that you, as a customer, already purchased online.5.0. ConclusionAirasia has established themse lves as a profit making company and a succesful low cost carrier that prompted other airlines in the south east asian region to do the same thing. This company build their brand name with their tag line now everyone can fly, telling people that flying is now more affordable and easy. This tagline is also shaping their marketing mix. For their Product, Price, and Place, airasia clearly introduced a new way of flying by airlines, a cheap and easy one. At Consumer Decision Making process, the Product and Price influenced consumer at the Problem recognizition and Information search step process. With Promotion, they influence the steps of Information search and Purchase decision in the CDP process. Airasia is so aggressive in their promotional activities, by putting their tagline now everyone can fly in every advertisement and commercials.By understanding the psychological drivers and sociological drivers of consumer, airasia have executed its marketing plan briliantly, putting the type of advertisement that suitable. By understanding the Consumer Decision making process, AirAsia provide what kind of values that consumer seeks and asses in the information search, and evaluation of alternatives stages. By the time consumer making their purchase decision and postpurchase behaviour, these values are good enough to make them purchase airasias service and by not giving the consumer high expectations from the first time, the satisfaction rate from consumer is high. The succes story of AirAsia marketing strategies shows how important it is for a brand to understand the psychological drivers, sociological drivers and the decision making process of consumer behaviour.6.0. BibliographyAirAsia.com, 2013. Corporate profile. online Available at Accessed 22 celestial latitude 2013.Cohen, J, B, and Warlop, L. A Motivational Perspective on Means-End Chains. online Available at Accessed 30 celestial latitude 2013.Hawkins, D. I., Best, R. J. and Coney, K. A., 2001. Consumer Behavio ur Building merchandise Strategy. 8th ed. New York Irwin/McGraw-Hill.Lim, Y, K., Mohamed, R., Ariffin, A. and Guan, G, G., 2009. Branding an Airline A Case Study of AirAsia. online Available at Accessed 22 declination 2013.Management of Technology, 2009. The AirAsia company strategic managementHow AirAsia can be a leader in the lowest cost carrier in the airplane industry. online Available at Accessed 22 December 2013.MANAGEMENT guinea pig GUIDE, 2013. Social factors affecting Consumer Behaviour. online Available at Accessed 25 December 2013.MANAGEMENT STUDY GUIDE, 2013. Psychological factors affecting Consumer Behaviour. online Available at Accessed 25 December 2013.Onwutalobi and Claret, A., 2008. Understanding Marketing Mix in AirAsia Airline Bhd. online codewit. Available at Accessed 30 December 2013.Sdsu, 2013. how to print notes. online Available at Accessed 25December 2013.Schiffman, L. G. and Kanuk, L. L., 2000. Consumer Behaviour. 7th ed. New Jersey Prentice-Hall, Inc.Th e Market, Media, Life., 2013. MARKETING 101 PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS OF CONSUMER BUYER BEHAVIOUR. online Available at Accessed 25 December 2013.The Market, Media, Life., 2013. MARKETING 101 SOCIAL FACTORS AFFECTING CONSUMER BUYER BEHAVIOUR. online Available at Accessed 25 December 2013.THE TIMES 100, 2013. Marketing mix (Price, Place, Promotion, Product). online Available at Accessed 30 December 2013.USC Marshall, 2008. Consumer Behaviour. online Available at Accessed 25 December 2013.Yaashoda, Y., 2012. AirAsia Berhad Strategic analysis of a leading low cost carrier in the Asian region. online Available at Accessed 22 December 2013.Yeoh, E. and Chan, J, K, L., 2011. Malaysian Low Cost Airlines Key Influencing Factors on Customers Repeat Purchase Intention. online IDOSI Publications. Available at Accessed 22 December 2013.Yuswohady., 2012. Consumer 3000 Revolusi Konsumen Kelas Menengah Indonesia.

Upsr, Pmr and Spm Should Be Abolish

In June 2010, the Minister of reading Muhyiddin announced the probability of UPSR, and PMR examinations being abolished. With the ever changing policies from the Ministry of Education every time the minister changes,(Kheru,2011) this give-and-take came as a no surprise. But the main issue still remains intact. It is non undecomposed the UPSR, and PMR, but should we practiced abolish the whole three main examinations, UPSR, PMR, and SPM?Even though examinations traces students emphasis in their studies, and can differentiate, whether they should be in the arts stream or in the intuition stream, these examinations only restricts yeasty thinking because it thrusts the students study only for the sake of passing the examinations and students do not study anything other than the topics that get out appear in the examinations. The first argument that the anti-abolishment poses is that the students can nidus in their studies with the UPSR, PMR and SPM examinations. However, stud ents can still focus on their studies with the normal semester tests and yearly examinations.The normal examinations will be more than effective because it will moderate the students on their toes because they do not only chip in one test to pass but a monthly/ yearly tests/ examinations. It will actually make the students take examinations more seriously because the examinations would be tempered as a long- term assessment. (Murali, 2012) For example, every month we have a simple test just to check the progress of the students, hence before the first semester break and the year-end break, strike an examination. It is just same our current governing body, just without the UPSR, PMR and SPM.The next argument stated by the anti-abolishment is that the examination is the only way the rail can differentiate the students that will go to recognition stream or arts stream (F ard, 2010). But, with the long-run assessment, the teachers would know what suits them most through the re sults of the exam. The students talents will show in the results, whether they are more suited for science stream or art stream. The teachers will play an important role in the selection of students because it is them that have the most contact with the students.They should be able to tell whether the students are more suitable in science or arts. For example, if a students results shows that she excels at math and science, then he/she is suited more in the science stream but if a student shows continuous problems in science and mathematics, then he/she is probably not suited for the science stream. Thirdly, the anti-abolishment stated that the teachers will start being unoccupied if the three main exams are abolished. (Fared, 2010). With the long-term assessment, the teachers job will be more than enough.The teachers would need to digest attention to the students growth more closely because the students potential will be gauge only by the teachers so that to determine whether th eir abilities belong in the science or arts stream. The tests and year examinations will make sure the teachers teach the students properly by completing the syllabus on time. The teachers also have to conduct other activities to fully gauge out the students potential and further develop their creativity and self-confidence with activities which makes them to be more out personnel casualty and open-minded.Personally I think that the three examinations (UPSR, PMR and SPM) will result in the students to neglect nature and creativity, and will not be qualified enough to fulfil future careers. The exam-oriented education system distorts motive and learning by overemphasising the importance of scores as outcomes and measures of students abilities. (Murali, 2012) This statement could not be more true, as there are many students which have excellent scores but their soft skills, like state-supported speaking and presenting their own ideas and arguments, are largely lacking.Moreover, st udents lack the confidence to correct the teachers if the teachers are wrong. According to Murali, in the article GOOD scores, no life skills, In my classes, students do not dare to talk with me because of the lack of confidence and intellect to justify arguments. They are used to having blinding faith in authority, which are the teachers and the textbooks. They would not even think that the teachers or the textbooks could be wrong.Resulting in them being too dependent on the teachers and are not willing to do more than what they had done in class. To sum it up, despite the fact that examinations makes students focus in their studies, and can differentiate, whether they should be in the arts stream or in the science stream, we should celebrate in mind that these examinations only hampers creative thinking because it makes the students study only for the sake of making the graduation the examinations and students do not study anything other than the topics that will appear in the examinations.We should take the education system of countries like US, Australia and the European Union as a reference because their system provides the students the opportunities to improve many types of their intelligence. The students are encourage to be creative, free-thinking, more tolerant and open-minded person. ( Kheru, 2011) Countries like China, Japan and Korea have already started to make a changes in their education system, albeit slowly. So, when are we going to start? Or are we still going to stick with the system that was created when we were still colonised by the British?

Consider the extent to which firms within the UK post Hargreaves are now better placed to engage with eCommerce

our identify CUSTOM ESSAY WRITING DISSERTATION EXAMPLEIntroductionIn the period prior to the taboofit of the Hargreaves rumpvass by the governing, concerns were raised by the government that the UK was not in a sufficiently truehearted position when it came to encouraging expert property and technology growth, peculiarly when competing with other jurisdictions. As a result, the superlative Minister commissi whizd a criticism in November 2010, which aimed to look at the ways in which bright property could be used to achieve growth in the prudence. The purpose of this paper is to look at the invasion of the Hargreaves Review and to mean what this means to firms looking at to engage with e-commerce. Although the recapitulation aimed to look at the broader issues of the intellectual property frame wager, it has clearly had a greater extend to on certain industries, including those engaging with e-commerce1.The government has generally adopted the findings of the Hargr eaves Review in the identify of 3rd August 20112 and these contract been embarrassd in the effort Regulatory Reform Act 2013 which received Royal Assent on 25th April 2013. These provisions pass on be considered alongside the background and the perceived problems that the review was looking to tackle, before looking at the belike impact this would and so seduce on all aspects of intellectual property, as well as on e-commerce, in general. Finally, conclusions lead be drawn3BackgroundA wakeless burst of the authorship is focused on the detail that intellectual property is an meaning(a) aspect of achieving growth. Moreover, the government views intellectual property as a means of stimulating economic growth and this is in addition seen to be the case for online activity associated with typical e-commerce transactions, with the power of companies to buy and sell items or in browse to protest an online presence4. Intellectual property laws must unavoidably adapt and c hange to fill with surrounding circumstances the technology itself must as well become a good deal to a greater extent than forward thinking. there ar concerns however that procure law is beginning to act in a way that creates barriers for the development of new and innovative product ideas. But, on the flipside, in the event that companies be sufficient to act entirely freely, there would be no incentive to invest and the ability of e-commerce companies in the UK to compete internationally, as others simply come along and gather in on board their investment and thoughts for their bear benefit5.The focus of the review was on the intellectual property framework and this extends beyond purely looking at e-commerce, which deals with the buying and selling of products and services online. However, for the purposes of this report, virtually(prenominal) of the findings relating to intellectual property, in general, prat be seen to be at a time linked to the potential stimul ation of growth within e-commerce. In entrap to consider the impact that the Hargreaves Review will have on e-commerce, specifically, it is first necessary to look at the key proposals that emanated from the review and how these have then been adapted or applied by the government.Key Changes ProposedThe key changes that were proposed by the review include6 concept of a digital right of first publication substitution, to gift it much easier for organisations, including those that operate solely online, to license copyright defend works to introduce a general right in order to allow individuals to use work where it is not possible to find the author to place certain limits on the use of copyright, so that issues, e.g. non-commercial seek and format shifting, be not seen to be an infringement the introduction of a small claims track to the evidents County Court, in order to make enforcement easier for SMEs excessively, to support SMEs, it has been advised that there should be an investigation into the impact of having patent clusters and the ability of an SME to grow and evolve a focus ineluctably to be placed on assisting SMEs in getting value from the IP that they have established and the provision of mediation services to deal with intellectual property disputes in a much more cost-effective and commercially minded way.There are multiple process based changes proposed as part the review however the actual carrying into action is the ongoing focus of this paper with particular reference to how the application of these changes will potentially impact on the UK e-commerce arena. Broadly speaking there are two key perspectives, the select to protect the position of companies without potentially change magnitude the regulative burdens and preventing the company themselves from be involved in the infringement of intellectual property rights. By looking at the government approach to each of the recommendations, this issue can be explored in more detai l7.The conclusion reached by the Hargreaves review that intellectual property is important for growth needs to be taken seriously and is a key merit of the proposals. More specifically, the review notes that the protection of intellectual property needs go beyond simply looking at the core intellectual property industries, but is also relevant to a wide vicissitude of industries, some of which are operating through e-commerce al one(a). In many cases, there may be useful ideas and work that is prevented from existence used, simply because the author cannot be dictated or permission cannot be obtained8.Of particular interest to e-commerce in the UK is probable to be the second narration that the current intellectual property nuclear framework is falling behind the technology infrastructure useable for these types of firms therefore, in order to encourage any form of innovation within e-commerce, it is necessary to have a framework in place to protect this type of investment9. C opyright Modernisation within the E-Commerce Arena, The Pros and ConsThe establishment of the digital copyright throw is one of the central recommendations which are likely to have a direct impact on e-commerce firms, as well as on other industries that have a degree in reliance on digital copyright. This is one of the key benefits and merits associated with the proposal and is fitting of particular note. The review requires the government to consider ways in which it can develop an effective market to copyright licensing, which can take control of the market when it is not emerging of its own right. By creating additional copyright exchange, the UK government is able to ensure that a more efficient marketplace is provided for both owners and purchases. This makes it considerably easier for those involved in copyright, whether as an owner or a purchaser in the purchasing and giving of licences, the e-commerce arena becomes much more transparent, with a consistent approach that is relatively easy to follow due to the fact that there is one consistent digital exchange. This would change e-commerce organisations either to purchase licences or to sell licences in a panache that is consistent and transparent to all parties, thus making it more viable to invest in copyright. It would also enable the company to gain inlet to copyrighted material, so that it can then develop the transaction without existence thwarted by authors that cannot be located or similar blockages in the availability of copyright licences.The issue of copyright protection is argued to be the fundamental area of reform for e- commerce organisations post Hargreaves and will be the focus here, in order to gain a practical understanding of the impact of this review on e-commerce, in general. Several different issues need to be looked at from a practical perspective, including the fact that subscriber linees will often be prevented from gaining access to selective information, due to the la ck of availability of copyright licences. Other issues include the businesses themselves complaining that it is difficult to enforce remedies and that copyright is extremely complex when dealing with online violations, something which is likely to be particularly prevalent within e-commerce organisations.Regardless of the perspective being taken by each individual organisation, the fundamental argument presented by the review is that the framework for copyright law across the European Union, including the UK, is simply no longer reflective of the digital economy and e-commerce activity, from a technical perspective. Redressing the balance is a key part of the review and is likely to be the area that has the most practical impact on e-commerce. In order to consider the real impact of these changes, two distinct stages will be undertaken the first to identify the arguments for reforming copyright the second to look at the approach taken by the policymakers and the practical applicatio n of these changing policies.The review placed a heavy emphasis on noting that the digital economy is central to economic growth, with e-commerce being a fundamental part of the digital economy. Evidence from the European Commission has shown that creative industries are increasing at a rate of approximately 3.5%, in the UK, compared to an average across all industries of just 1%. This shows just how important it is to have the appropriate framework in place to support the digital economy and to ensure that those engaging in areas such as e-commerce have a framework within which to operate, effectively10.As noted by the European Commission11 it wants to work towards a copyright framework that guarantees effective recognition and lucre of rights holders in order to provide sustainable incentives for creativity, cultural diversity and innovation opens up greater access and a wider choice of legal offers to end users allows new business models to emerge and contributes to combating i llegal offers and piracy.The digital copyright exchange was looked at as a potential opportunity by the UK government, with the initial figure of the digital copyright now being recognised as a crucial aspect to online business and offers a real opportunity for e-commerce for those organisations to gain a much clearer idea of where copyright is owned and how it can then be licensed. As noted by Hargreaves an automated e-commerce website or network of websites which allows licensors to set out the rights they wish to license and allows licensees to acquire those rights from the licensors. Although progress has been made in this area, it is unlikely that this digital copyright exchange will be able to operate as a marketplace whereby any organisation can simply log on, but quite an the additional copyright exchange facility will enable an entity to interact with others through the hub created, in a way that may not have been possible previously. This is a fundamental step forward fo r those involved in e-commerce12.Although no singular digital copyright exchange has yet been established, the government and surrounding policies towards achieving this will have a dramatic impact on a variety of industries, most notably those that have historically found it difficult to manage and control copyright licences and to deal with online infringement. Despite the recognition of the potential benefits of this type of copyright exchange, the parliamentary report notes that it is crucially important that any overall digital copyright exchange which is established must not increase the regulatory burden for those occupied in e-commerce, while still offering more consistent protection and hydrofoil within the system13.Certain copyright exceptions have been suggested by virtue of the Hargreaves Review, with content mining being one of the more controversial proposed exceptions. The Hargreaves review defines content mining as being the automated analytical techniques such as t ext and data mining work by copying existing electronic information, for voice articles in scientific journals and other works, and analysing the data they contain for patterns, trends and other useful information. The parliamentary report has raised concerns that this type of interaction will jeopardise primary markets when it comes to copyright works and these types of arrangements should be dealt with in contractual solutions, rather than creating a global copyright exception. By having these exceptions in place however it is argued that some of the potency of the reforms would be lost and unnecessary complexities experienced, adding to the administrative burden. The extent of the copyright exceptions are also likely to have a dramatic impact on the practical operation of the Hargreaves Review therefore warranted an fraction of discussion in its own right. Although there have been notable discussions as part of the parliamentary report established a result of the Hargreaves Rev iew, the content of the Enterprise and Regulatory Reform Bill 2013 has now been minded(p) Royal Assent on 23 April 2013, in order to deal with many aspects of the Hargreaves Review and make them statutory provisions.Some of these key changes will potentially have a dramatic impact on e-commerce. The 2013 Act has presented the Business Secretary with a much wider range of opportunities to create new rules, in order to deal with the management of orphan works, i.e. works whereby no author can be found. The Intellectual seat Office is working towards creating a situation whereby, provided an organisation or individual can show that they have made a diligent search for the original owner, the authors works can then be licensed to them, thus creating opportunities for those involved in e-commerce to gain access to previously unavailable material. It also presents a potential challenge whereby the commerce organisations need to be more forward thinking when protect their own copyright. This creates some difficulty of adjustment and from an administrative point of view for the organisations looking to implement these requirements.As well as the changes brought in by the 2013 Act in the UK, the government is still looking at various aspects of the EU Commissions Digital Agenda for Europe, which has the underlying purpose of ensuring that cross-border e-commerce is more transparent, with olive-sized or no obstacles when trading across the EU digital single market. Furthermore, a wide variety of factors were perceived to be relevant in terms of establishing an efficient digital single market, many of which are likely to have a dramatic impact on the e-commerce industry, particularly when it comes to establishing a framework for defend its own copyright position, as well as dealing with the opportunity to utilise information and data that would be easily be unavailable due to the author not being readily identifiable14. The forthcoming for E-CommerceBy looking at th e various different elements of the Hargreaves Review as well as the issues are being taken forward by the UK government, as well as the EU Commission looking at the creation of a single digital market, there are several key factors being driven into the future, with the likelihood of having a direct impact on firms operating within the ecommerce arena.The key impacts that have been identified in this paper have been done with the recognition that many of these proposals remain as proposals, rather than specific rules and regulations that have yet to be implemented. There are multiple elements of the Hargreaves Review and the e-commerce conditions post-Hargreaves Review, which are worthy of recognition and are likely to have a dramatic impact on e-commerce, in the UK, in the long-term. The pressure to create an EU single market, therefore, is likely to be one of the majors driving factors, with UK firms being able to operate across the entire EU, with no barriers. While this increas es opportunities, it also potentially increases competition and requires those engaged in e-commerce in the UK to become much more astute, in terms of what is happening outside their present(prenominal) jurisdiction.It is also suggested that the digital copyright exchange is going to provide a much more iron framework for those engaged in e-commerce to protect their own position, particularly when dealing with online violations of copyright which are seemly increasingly prevalent in certain industries, such as music and photography, in recent years. Fundamentally, it is conclude in this paper that the real impact is the fact that IP has brought to the attention of the legislators and has required the UK government to consider what it needs to do for the future so that those engaged in e-commerce to be able to protect their own position and to become on a level playing field with other jurisdictions. It is this recognition of the need to create transparency and to deal with many of the historic difficulties in this area that is likely to have the greatest impact, regardless of the proposals which are actually enacted in the long run.ReferencesBakhshi, H., Hargreaves I. and Mateos-Garcia, J (2013( A Manifesto for the Creative thrift, capital of the United Kingdom Nesta.Brinkley, I and Lee, N (2007) The Knowledge Economy in Europe A Report prepared for the 2007 EU Spring Council, capital of the United Kingdom Work Foundation.European Commission, (2012) Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on Collective Management of Copyright and Related Rights and Multi-Territorial Licensing of Rights in Musical Works for Online Uses in the Internal Market, COM(2012) 372 final, capital of Belgium European Commission.Ghafele R and Gibert, B (2012) The Economic Value of Fair Use in Copyright practice of law Counterfactual Impact Analysis of Fair Use Policy on Private Copying technology and Copyright Markets in Singapore, MPRA, 2012.Hargrea ves, I (2011) Digital Opportunity An Independent Review of Intellectual Property and Growth, London Intellectual Property Office.Manyika et. al., (2011) Big Data The Next Frontier for Innovation, Competition and Productivity San Francisco McKinsey Global Institute.Mettler A and Williams, A (2012) Wired for Growth and Innovation How Digital Technologies are Reshaping Small- and Medium-Sized Businesses and Empowering Entrepreneurs, Brussels Lisbon Council.OECD, (2012) Internet Economy Outlook 2012Samuelson, P, (2010) The Copyright Principles Project Directions for Reform, Berkeley Copyright Principles Project.Veugelers, R. 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